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sprezzature-figures

Figures

How to get a figure

Ask our tool:

  • "make a figure"
  • "chart this"
  • "treemap"
  • "candlestick"
  • "heatmap"
  • "sankey"
  • "SHAP plot"
  • "render this diagram"

Every figure below carries a kit: a zip with the data as a CSV, the generator that reads it, and the interactive SVG it writes. Two Python files, no build step, and for most of them nothing to install at all. The two animated Gapminder generators complete the 127-generator catalogue on the Hans ROSLING tribute.

Simulates the default figure through a reader's eyes (normal vision for zoom).

Comparison & ranking

Rank and contrast categories: bars, lollipops, dumbbells and their kin.

Bar chart : Ranked categories, one house color each.
Grouped bar : Categories split by a second variable.
Lollipop : A lighter bar chart for ranked values.
Dumbbell chart : Two points per row joined by a segment showing change.
Slope chart : Before and after, two points.
Bullet graph : Measure bar, target tick and qualitative bands.
Pareto chart : Sorted bars, a cumulative line and an 80% mark for the vital few.
Radar / spider : Many criteria on radial axes.
Variable-width columns : Height, width and area each carry a variable.
Column range : High-low intervals per category; temperature ranges, confidence intervals.
Population pyramid : Age and sex, back to back.
Parliament hemicycle : One dot per seat, coloured by party, with a majority line.
Waterfall : A running total, step by step.

Time series & trends

How a value moves over an ordered axis: lines, areas and event timelines.

Line chart : A value over an ordered axis, one line per series.
Multi-line : Two series over time with points.
Area chart : How a whole made of categories evolves over time.
Stacked area : Composition of series over time.
Step / stairs : A value that changes at discrete points.
Horizon chart : Banded, folded area for dense time series.
Streamgraph : Stacked areas on a wiggle baseline over time.
Candlestick (open-high-low-close) : Open-high-low-close price bars.
Bollinger bands : A price series with a 20-day average and ±2σ bands, a squeeze then a breakout.
Connected scatter : A trajectory through points ordered by time, with year labels and end markers.
Calendar heatmap : A value per day across weeks.
Timeline : Dated milestones on a spine with alternating callouts.
Gantt : A schedule, start to end.
Spectrogram : Time x frequency x power heatmap of a clip.
Difference chart : Two series with the gap shaded bicolour.

Distributions

The shape, spread and skew of one variable: histograms, boxes, densities.

Histogram : A single distribution, binned.
Box plot : Spread, quartiles and outliers per group.
Violin plot : KDE density per group, mirrored.
Density (KDE) : A smoothed distribution curve.
Rug + density : Raw values as ticks beneath a density curve.
Ridgeline / joyplot : Stacked, overlapping densities, one per group.
Strip plot : Every point, jittered by group.
Wilkinson dot plot : One dot per observation, binned and stacked.
Letter-value (boxen) : Nested quantile boxes for large samples.
ECDF : empirical cumulative distribution function (ECDF), stepped.
Error bars : A mean with its uncertainty interval.
Bell curve : Normal distribution with configurable mean and standard deviation.
Q-Q plot : Is this sample normal?
P-P plot : Empirical vs theoretical CDF probabilities.
Beeswarm : One dot per observation, nudged apart so width reads as density.

Correlation & multivariate

Relationships between two or more measures: scatters, pair matrices, projections.

Scatter : Two variables, colored by group.
Bubble : Four variables at once.
Hexbin density : Many points binned into hexagons.
Joint plot : Scatter with marginal histograms.
Pair plot / SPLOM : A scatterplot matrix of several variables.
Parallel coordinates : Many variables on shared axes.
Andrews curves : Each row a Fourier-series curve, coloured by class.
RadViz : Points spring-embedded inside a ring of features.
Regression + confidence-interval (CI) band : A fitted line with a 95% confidence band.
Residual plot : Residuals vs fitted, with a zero rule.
Gaussian process : Posterior mean, 95% band and sampled functions.
Convex hull : A grouped scatter with a hull around each cluster.
Ternary plot : Three parts summing to 100% on a triangle.
2-D density contours : Isocontour rings over a raw bivariate scatter.

Matrices & heatmaps

Values on a grid, colour-encoded: heatmaps, clustermaps, confusion and correlation.

Annotated heatmap : A value matrix with per-cell labels.
Clustermap : Heatmap reordered by hierarchical clustering.
Interpolated heatmap : A smoothly interpolated value field (imshow).
Correlation matrix : Which variables move together.
Confusion matrix : Where a classifier is right and wrong.
Interruption matrix : Who cuts whom, at a glance (hover the crosshair).

Part-to-whole & composition

Slices and nested parts of a whole: donuts, treemaps, waffles, flows into stages.

Donut : A compact part-to-whole.
100% stacked bar : Parts of a whole across quarters.
Waffle chart : A proportion as a grid of squares.
Pictorial unit chart : An ISOTYPE icon array where one icon encodes a fixed count.
Mosaic / marimekko : Column width and segment height each encode a share.
Treemap : Hierarchical parts, area by size.
Sunburst : Hierarchy as nested rings.
Icicle : Rectangular partition of a hierarchy.
Circle packing : Nested circles for a sized hierarchy.
Nightingale rose : Polar-area wedges, radius by value.
Cycle wheel : Directed ring of proportional arcs for a recurring process.
Funnel : Stage-to-stage drop-off.

Hierarchies, networks & flows

Nodes, edges and movement: trees, graphs, chords, Sankeys.

Node-link network : Force-directed graph, hover to highlight.
Arc diagram : Nodes on a line, links as arcs above.
Dendrogram : Hierarchical clustering with a merge-height axis.
Tree diagram : A tidy node-link hierarchy.
Org chart : Top-down boxes for role and headcount, coloured by division.
Radial tree : A hierarchy laid out on concentric rings.
Force-directed graph : A 318-author co-authorship network in six communities.
Edge bundling : Relations bundled along a radial hierarchy.
Elbow detection : Kneedle finds the elbow of a diminishing-returns curve (choosing k).
Chord diagram : Ribbons between categories; arc size is the total.
Dependency wheel : Directed circular flows, arcs sized by throughput, ribbons by origin.
Sankey diagram : Flows between stages, width proportional to volume.
Alluvial / parallel sets : Category membership flowing across axes.
Parallel sets : Categorical ribbons across class, sex, age and survival, width by count.
Packed bubbles : Circles sized by value, packed and coloured by group.

Maps & spatial

Values in geographic or directional space: thematic maps, spike maps, wind and vector fields.

Binned grid map : Values counted into square grid cells over a place.
Hexbin tile map : Values binned into a hex tessellation of a place.
Geographic hexbin : Point events binned into hexagons on a world map.
Spike map : Vertical spikes sized by value at map points.
Dot-density map : One dot per N people, showing where a population lives.
Quiver : A vector field of arrows by direction and magnitude.
Streamplot : Integrated streamlines with arrowhead markers.
Wind-barb station plot : Staffs point from the wind, pennant 50kt, barb 10kt, half 5kt, across a cold front.
Wind rose : Stacked polar bars of frequency by direction.
Polar plot : A line or scatter on an angular axis.

Model evaluation & science

Diagnostics and scientific plots: ROC, calibration, survival, forest, volcano.

ROC curve : Classifier trade-off, with AUC.
Precision-recall curve : Precision against recall, with the average precision.
Calibration curve : Predicted probability against observed frequency.
Ablation matrix : Which components a variant keeps, and what dropping one costs.
Cumulative gain : Model vs baseline vs perfect targeting.
Manhattan plot : −log10 p-values across the genome, peaks above the significance line.
Volcano : Effect size versus significance.
Kaplan–Meier : Survival over time, per arm.
Forest plot : Per-study effect sizes and a pooled estimate.
Bland-Altman : Agreement: difference vs mean of two methods.

Gauges, 3-D, sets & the rest

KPI gauges, projected 3-D, set intersections, and one-of-a-kind figures.

Venn / Euler : Overlapping sets, each region sized by its count.
UpSet plot : Set intersections as bars over a matrix, Venn beyond three sets.
Voronoi tessellation : Catchment cells coloured by group, with seed points.
Embedding projector : 2D word-embedding map; hover a word for its nearest neighbours.
Diffusion trajectory : A point cloud carried through a noise schedule, forward then back.
Word cloud : Words sized by frequency, coloured by theme.
Speaking time : Who spoke, and for how long (donut).
Radial gauge : A needle over coloured zones with a big readout.
Liquid gauge : A disc filled with wavy liquid to a percentage, a reservoir at 63%.
Radial bar : Bars wrapped around a polar axis.
3D surface : A static 3-D surface via offline projection.
Manifold path : Gradient ascent on a two-coordinate surface, stalling on a lesser peak.
3D wireframe : A projected surface mesh, slowly rotating.
3D scatter : Projected 3D points with a slow turntable.
3D bar : Depth-shaded bars on a grid; use sparingly.